Since your last turn:

• John Ibans⁺ said "Ahem, Malton College of Medicine, I am now going to start the second part of my lecture. I regret to say that I will be leaving after today, a bout of ignorance that needs the be stamped out has reared its ugly head." (2 hours and 18 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "It is a pleasure to know that you enjoyed my first lecture, and I am happy to present my second lecture. For those of you who missed the first, allow me to recap. When I last lectured, we spoke of the Renaissance, which focused on" (2 hours and 18 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "the individual and sought for ancient Greek and Roman works. I spoke about the Protestant Reformation, and how the printing press was crucial to the dissemination of ideas. We touched on the fact that various religions started up, inspired by the" (2 hours and 18 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "successful questioning of authority. The weakening religions gave rise to strong people, and an age of absolutism came to power. Today, I will touch on Constitutionalism, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. Constitutionalism was, at its" (2 hours and 18 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "time, a radical idea, particularly since the era in which it was conceived came under the rule of absolute kings. It was surprising to hear the statement that a King, a god on earth, could be questioned and limited. These ideas would boil into a civil war" (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "in England, raising questions as to if one individual is superior to another just because of birth. Our tale today follows Charles I and the conflict with the English Parliament, which at that time was a body responsible for tax laws. Prior to Charles," (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "the English King James I believed in absolute monarchy, and wanted glory for his dynasty and religious unity. These traits carried onto his son, Charles. Shortly after becoming King, Charles disagreed with Parliament, seeing them as a stopper to his" (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "power. The Petition of right in 1628 argued against Charles, reminding him of the Magna Carta, warning him to not tax without consent of parliament, and to guarantee habeas corpus, providing charges at the time of arrest. Charles refused. He ordered" (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "Parliament to disband, and began attempts to collect his own taxes and customs duties. The English people, however, saw taxation without consent of a body as tyranny (Does that remind you of another country?) and Charles pressured judges to find in his" (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "favor. Running short on money, and unable to convince the people to pay the new taxes, Charles called the Parliament back into session in 1640, 11 years after disbanding them. The king wanted Parliament to approve his new taxes, but such was not done." (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "Charles quickly disbanded the Parliament, continuing with his rule. It took a civil war in Scotland to begin the chain of events that would throw Charles from his throne. Concerned about the new events, Charles called Parliament back together 2 months" (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "after disbanding them. Charles demanded to be allowed to command Parliament's army to crush the rebellion, but was denied. The civil war in Scotland became a civil war in England. The sides in this war were the Cavaliers, royalists loyal to the king, an" (2 hours and 17 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "the Roundheads, Parliamentarians and the poor who opposed the king. This, Vilhelm123, is where Oliver Cromwell comes into play. In 1646, the New Model Army achieved their first victory against the King's armies. Cromwell was the leader of the army at" (2 hours and 16 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "that time, and convinced the Scottish to put their disagreements to rest, a topic I wish I could talk more about. This turn of events allowed Parliament to expel 90% of their members, leaving only the ones against the king in power. Charles was promptly" (2 hours and 16 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "tried by Parliament for treason, and was executed. With the death of Charles, the question for consideration was who would take the place of the dead king. Cromwell, the hero of the war, was named Executive, England became a commonwealth, and the" (2 hours and 16 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "rebellions in Ireland and Scotland were suppressed. With that in mind, Cromwell could be considered by almost any measure a hero, the man who overthrew a tyrannical king and created a new government. It was not to be so, like Charles before him, Cromwell" (2 hours and 16 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "disbanded the parliament and created a military dictatorship. So much more could be said about this period of time and in so many words. Cromwell, as tends to happen, died, Charles II, the son of the former king, came to rule. A weak king, he was" (2 hours and 16 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "relatively unsuccessful at anything aside from producing an illegitimate child, William II, who tried and failed to violently overthrow Parliament's increasingly Anti-Catholic laws. The Glorious Revolution, also known as the bloodless revolution," (2 hours and 16 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "convinced William the II, a recent king after Charles II, to flee England. This convoluted history leads to Parliament successfully constructing a bill of rights, requiring that the Parliament meet every three years at most. Parliament, at long last, was" (2 hours and 15 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "the ruling body, rather than kings, and people elected representatives by votes for the first time since the fall of the Roman Empire, over a thousand years ago. At the same time Constitutionalism was rising in England, religious worldviews that had" (2 hours and 15 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "previously dominated the view of nature and science were being questioned. As early as 1543, Copernicus, a Polish priest and astronomer, had dared to state his belief based on observations that the sun was the center of the" (2 hours and 15 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "universe, not the Earth. He argued the moon made a case for the Earth not being the center. It took an astronomer you just might know, Galileo Galilei, to assert that the earth was not the center of anything, aside from the moon, and that nothing was" (2 hours and 15 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "perfect, as was held before. Using a telescope barely more powerful that a cheap pair of binoculars, he observed moons moving around Jupiter (still called the Galilein moons in his honour) and craters on the moon. His reception by the Catholic Church is" (2 hours and 15 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "another long story. Out of these rumblings rose the Scientific Method, which stands today as an accepted way to question how things work. Empiricism became the scientific vogue, using inductive reasoning and direct observations to make statements. Famous" (2 hours and 15 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "to this time was "Cogeto, Ergo Sum", I think, therefore I am. Descartes proposed the mind and the soul were separate, the soul functioning as a ghost, with no impact on a corporeal shell. Ideas as to the true nature of reality were cropping up in seve" (2 hours and 15 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "areas from several researchers, fueled by an ever-withering power of religion. It took a man by the name of Isaac Newton to finally put all the observations together into a concrete series of laws. His system of logical and pragmatic laws set a center" (2 hours and 14 minutes ago)
• John Ibans⁺ said "stage for enlightenment ideas, which I will continue with soon." (2 hours and 14 minutes ago)
• petite fille⁺ said "*puts down her morning tea and bran .... errr, I mean... Bra!n muffin and applauds John Ibans' lecture* Wonderful! And I hate that I missed the first one but go in peace, brazzah. You are well met." (1 hour and 41 minutes ago)
• Q Bee^- said "Excellent John! Petite you can read John's first lecture on our wiki page under MCM lecturesTextbooks." (44 minutes ago)
• CharlesBubbles⁺ said "thanks for revive...theres 12 zeds in st anselm's and 2 outside here and in the cemetary" (0 seconds ago)

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